super capacitor

Supercapacitors, also known as electrochemical capacitors, double-layer capacitors, gold capacitors, and Faraday capacitors, are a type of electrochemical component developed in the 1970s and 1980s for energy storage through polarized electrolytes.

It is different from traditional chemical power sources and is a power source with special performance that lies between traditional capacitors and batteries. It mainly relies on double layers and redox pseudocapacitive charges to store electrical energy. But there is no chemical reaction during its energy storage process, which is reversible, and it is precisely because this supercapacitor can be charged and discharged hundreds of thousands of times repeatedly.

The specific details of the structure of supercapacitors depend on their application and usage. Due to manufacturer or specific application requirements, these materials may vary slightly. The commonality of all supercapacitors is that they all contain a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator between these two electrodes, with the electrolyte filling the pores separated by these two electrodes and the separator.

The structure of a supercapacitor is shown in Figure 1. It is composed of a high specific surface area porous electrode material, a current collector, a porous battery separator, and an electrolyte. The electrode material should be closely connected to the current collector to reduce contact resistance; The diaphragm should meet the conditions of having the highest possible ion conductivity and the lowest possible electronic conductivity, and is generally an electronic insulation material with a fiber structure, such as polypropylene film. The type of electrolyte is selected based on the properties of the electrode material.

The various parts in Figure 1 are: (1): polytetrafluoroethylene carrier; (2) (4) Active substance pressed on the foam nickel collector; (3) Polypropylene battery separator.

The components of supercapacitors can vary from product to product. This is determined by the geometric structure of the supercapacitor packaging. For the placement of prismatic or square packaged product components, the internal structure is based on the setting of the internal components, that is, the internal collector is extruded from the stack of each electrode. These collector pads will be soldered to the terminals, thereby expanding the current path outside the capacitor.

For products packaged in circular or cylindrical shapes, the electrodes are cut into rolls for configuration. Finally, solder the electrode foil to the terminal to expand the external capacitive current path.